Typography to book covers is like the right frame for a painting. It can elevate the art or undermine it. I am going to boil down some beginner tips to approaching cover typography. Let's get into it!
The Golden Rule: Make Every Design Choice Intentional
This applies to all cover design scenarios and if you can only focus on one thing when designing book covers, remember this. When selecting a font or modifying it, make sure there is a good reason for it. The intent behind your typography decisions should be communicating:
the genre
the novel's story/mood/theme
the composition's balance/overall concept
Poor design choices fail to address these factors or try to address a surface-level version. Sometimes typographic choices can be based on trends, but if the trendy font or design concept fails to communicate in these 3 areas for your specific cover situation, it will appear out of place.
The Genre
Genre dictates so much about font choice that you can deduce a novel's genre just by looking at the spine. Go to a library or book store and guess the genre by the font choice on the spine. It's a great exercise!
I will give a few examples from the genres I know best, which is YA and Middle Grade fantasy/sci fi, but some observations can be applied to other genres or conversely show what fonts don't work.
Fonts By Age-Based Genre:
Middle Grade Fiction Fonts: Can be all-caps or mix of caps and lower-case. Can use "hand-drawn" and "naïve" style fonts, conservative on swashes, but letterforms are full of character. Leans towards heavier fonts
YA Fiction Fonts: Usually all-caps except in Paranormal. More variation in weight including thin fonts, heavily modulated fonts, and script fonts. Can include a moderate amount of embellishments. Differs from Adult genres by more color and expressive styles
Fonts By Literary Genre:
Fantasy: Makes greater use of serif and script fonts than other genres, especially fonts that reflect "older" styles. Can use ornaments, glyphs, and other decorative elements. There are a range of font color and textural options depending on sub-genre.
Popular Fantasy Sub-Genres:
Epic/High: Often uses serif fonts that can be medieval and gothic-inspired. Tends to be bold, but elegant. Font color and texture can be metallic or stone-like to suggest royalty or antiquity
Urban: Has flexibility with font style, but often uses sans-serif, graffiti-like, or angular letters to communicate the urban element. Textures can be gritty or on the other end, neon and glowy for city settings
Dark: Makes use of serif fonts that can be gothic, pointy, and distressed in YA. Middle grade showcases more gritty sans-serif fonts
Paranormal: Uses a variety of serif, sans-serif, and script that evoke mystery. Is distinct for many instances of simple lower-case lettering in YA paranormal as well as delicate script fonts with flourishes
Historical: Uses period-inspired fonts that can be serif or calligraphic
Mythic: Uses serif, runic, and inscribed fonts that evoke the visual properties of corresponding ancient written languages. Metallic, stone-like, and celestial textures work well with this genre
Fairytale: Here you will find the most ornate serif and script fonts with generous flourishes. Metallic and glowing effects can also be applicable
Sci Fi: Makes more use of sans-serif fonts, especially fonts that reflect "newer" and "modern" styles. Usually stays away from ornaments and decorative elements and creates visual interest by how the font is incorporated into the image. Font color is often white or light-colored on darker backgrounds, but can utilize silver metallic and neon-inspired finishes that communicate sleek and futuristic
Example Sci Fi Sub-Genres:
Space Opera: Uses bold, futuristic sans-serif fonts. Letters can be notably wide or use heavy kerning to suggest the vastness of space
Dystopian: Uses gritty, distressed sans-serif fonts that are minimalist or industrial. Muted tones like gray, black, and red help express bleak and harsh settings
I will get into how you incorporate the content of the novel as well as working with the overall composition in future typography forays! Feel free to send me your cover design questions and I will fit them in my newsletter!
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